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Настройка DHCP relay, Option 82 и DHCPv6 relay на оборудовании QSR-1920/2920/3920
DHCP Relay (DHCP-L3-relay) - функционал сетевого устройства, обеспечивающий пересылку широковещательных DHCP-пакетов от клиента к серверу, находящемуся в другом широковещательной домене.
DHCP Option 82 — это опция протокола DHCP, которая используется для информирования DHCP-сервера о том, от какого DHCP-ретранслятора и через какой его порт был получен запрос.
Option 82 состоит из двух sub-option:
-
Agent Circuit ID - с содержит информацию о том, с какого порта пришел запрос на DHCP-ретранслятор.
-
Agent Remote ID - идентификатор самого DHCP-ретранслятора (который задается при настройке, можно использовать MAC-адрес коммутатора или его описание, любое удобное значение).
Настройка DHCP Relay
Топология сети
Схема 1
Требования к сети
-
Device1 является сервером DHCP, а интерфейс Device2 включает функцию DHCP relay.
-
DHCP-сервер предоставляет услуги клиентам сегмента сети 1.0.0.0/24 и сохраняет 10 верхних IP-адресов.
-
Клиент DHCP получает IP-адрес через DHCP relay.
Шаги настройки
Шаг 1: Настройте IP-адреса для всех интерфейсов.
Device2#configure terminal Device2(config)#interface gigabitethernet 0 Device2(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#ip address 1.0.0.1 24 Device2(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#interface gigabitethernet 1 Device2(config-if-gigabitethernet1)#ip address 2.0.0.2 24 Device1#configure terminal Device1(config)#interface gigabitethernet 0 Device1(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#ip address 2.0.0.1 24
Шаг 2: Настройте пул IP-адресов на Device1 и зарезервированные IP-адреса
Включите DHCP-сервер на Device1.
Device1(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#ip dhcp server Device1(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#exit
Исключите из выдачи IP-адреса от 1.0.0.1 до 1.0.0.10.
Device1(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 1.0.0.1 1.0.0.10
Настройте диапазон IP-адресов для выделения DHCP сервером на Device1.
Device1(config)#ip dhcp pool dynamic-pool Device1(dhcp-config)#network 1.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 Device1(dhcp-config)#default-router 1.0.0.1 Device1(dhcp-config)#lease 1 0 0 Device1(dhcp-config)#exit
При необходимости, укажите статический маршрут к сегменту сети 1.0.0.0/24.
Device1(config)#ip route 1.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 2.0.0.2
Шаг 3: На интерфейсе gigabitethernet0 устройства Device2 включите режим ретрансляции и в качестве DHCP сервера укажите 2.0.0.1.
Device2(config)#interface gigabitethernet 0 Device2(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#ip dhcp relay Device2(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#ip dhcp relay server-addres 2.0.0.1 Device2(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#exit
Шаг 4: Проверить результат.
На Device1 запросите выделенные IP-адреса.
Device1#show ip dhcp pool danymic-pool lease
Используйте команду show ip dhcp pool dynamic-pool lease, чтобы запросить IP-адреса, выделенные клиентам. Результат показывает, что клиент получил IP-адрес 1.0.0.11.
Настройка DHCP Relay для поддержки Option82
Топология сети см. выше (Схема 1)
Требования к сети
-
На устройстве ретрансляции DHCP включена опция 82.
-
Для sub-option Option82 Remote ID указан 0102030405.
-
Ретранслятор DHCP Device2 добавляет Option82 в пакет запроса и пересылает запрос на DHCP-сервер. Затем DHCP-сервер выделяет клиенту IP-адреса в сегменте сети 1.0.0.0/24.
Шаги настройки
Шаг 1: Настройте IP-адреса для всех интерфейсов.
Device2#configure terminal Device2(config)#interface gigabitethernet 0 Device2(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#ip address 1.0.0.1 24 Device2(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#interface gigabitethernet 1 Device2(config-if-gigabitethernet1)#ip address 2.0.0.2 24 Device1#configure terminal Device1(config)#interface gigabitethernet 0 Device1(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#ip address 2.0.0.1 24
Шаг 2: Настройте DHCP-сервер.
Device1(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#ip dhcp server Device1(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#exit Device1(config)#ip dhcp pool dynamic-pool1 Device1(dhcp-config)#network 1.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 Device1(dhcp-config)#default-router 1.0.0.1 Device1(dhcp-config)#exit
При необходимости, укажите статический маршрут к сегменту сети 1.0.0.0/24.
Device1(config)#ip route 1.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 2.0.0.2
Шаг 3: Настройте параметры DHCP relay на Device2 и Option82.
Установите IP-адрес DHCP relay сервера 2.0.0.1.
Device2(config)#interface gigabitethernet 0 Device2(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#ip dhcp relay Device2(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#ip dhcp relay server-address 2.0.0.1
Включите Option82 и установите для sub-option Remote-ID значение 0102030405.
Device2(config)#ip dhcp relay information option Device2(config)#ip dhcp relay information remote-id hex 0102030405
Шаг 4: Проверьте результат.
Запросите информацию об IP-адресе, назначенном клиенту на Device1.
Device1#show ip dhcp pool danymic-pool1 lease
Проверьте IP-адрес сегмента сети 1.0.0.0/24, полученный сетевой картой на DHCP-клиенте.
Примечание:
После включения Option82, ее sub-option Circuit ID заполняется индексом принимающего интерфейса и System ID DHCP relay устройства.
Настройка DHCPv6 Relay
Требования к сети
-
Device1— это сервер DHCPv6, а интерфейс Device2 включает функцию ретрансляции DHCPv6.
-
Сервер DHCPv6 предоставляет услуги клиенту сегмента 1::/64, а первые десять адресов IPv6 зарезервированы.
-
Клиент DHCPv6 получает адрес IPv6 через DHCPv6 relay.
Топология сети
Шаги настройки
Шаг 1: Настройте IPv6-адреса на всех интерфейсах.
Device2#configure terminal Device2(config)#interface gigabitethernet 0 Device2(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#ipv6 address 1::1/64 Device2(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#interface gigabitethernet 1 Device2(config-if-gigabitethernet1)#ipv6 address 2::2/64 Device1#configure terminal Device1(config)#interface gigabitethernet 0 Device1(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#ipv6 address 2::1/64
Шаг 2: Настройте пул адресов IPv6 для Device1и настройте зарезервированные IPv6 адреса.
Исключите из выдачи IPv6-адреса от 1::0 до 1::9.
Device1(config)#ipv6 dhcp excluded-address 1::0 1::9
Настройте диапазон IPv6-адресов для выделения DHCPv6 сервером на Device1.
Device1(config)#ipv6 dhcp pool dynamic-pool Device1(dhcp6-config)#network 1::/64 Device1(dhcp6-config)#lease preferred-lifetime 300 valid-lifetime 600 Device1(dhcp6-config)#exit
При необходимости, укажите статический маршрут к сегменту сети 1::/64.
Device1(config)#ipv6 route 1::0/64 2::2
Шаг 3: На интерфейсе gigabitethernet0 устройства Device2 включите DHCPv6 relay и укажите адрес DHCPv6-сервера 2::1.
Device2(config)#interface gigabitethernet 0 Device2(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#ipv6 dhcp relay Device2(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#ipv6 dhcp relay server-address 2::1 Device2(config-if-gigabitethernet0)#exit
Шаг 4: Проверьте результат.
На Device1 запросите выделенные адреса IPv6.
Device1#show ipv6 dhcp pool dynamic-pool lease
Используйте команду show ipv6 dhcp pool dynamic-pool lease для запроса адресов IPv6, выделенных клиентам. Результат показывает, что клиент получил IPv6-адрес 1::0.
Модель: QSR-1920 / QSR-2920 / QSR-3920
Вид оборудования: Маршрутизаторы для корпоративных сетей
